General Overview
The Clean Lakes Program is responsible for collecting water quality data to assess the biological and chemical integrity of Arizona's lakes and reservoirs. The data is used to determine potential sources of pollution and to provide guidance to improve water quality conditions of lakes or reservoirs. The Clean Lakes Program collects water quality data for purpose of:

• Determining water quality conditions and potential sources of pollution
• Supporting CWA 305(b) water quality assessments

Arizona has few natural lakes. Most lakes are reservoirs. In the early 1900s, the Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers built several dams along rivers in the Southwest, creating reservoirs to provide for flood control, a reliable drinking water source, irrigation and hydroelectric power. Now, these reservoirs have an additional value as a site of recreation: boating, fishing, and swimming.

The types of lakes in Arizona are diverse and range in size from holding tanks ~0.123 acres, to massive reservoirs such as Lake Mead which covers ~102,334 acres. If all of the lakes and reservoirs are combined in Arizona, the total area could cover over half of Rhode Island.

Clean Lakes Program - Monitoring Activities
Arizona is divided into three monitoring regions (Upper, Central, and Lower) for the purpose of water quality monitoring. Data is collected for selected lakes and reservoirs within one of the monitoring regions per year on a three year rotating system. Sampling activities consist of quarterly monitoring of priority regions and long term sites, including Bartlett Reservoir and Lake Havasu, which are monitored yearly by ADEQ.

Data collected as part of routine monitoring on Arizona lakes is stored in ADEQ's Water Quality database. Field measurements Include:

• pH
• Total Dissolved Solids
• Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations
• Dissolved Oxygen Percent Saturation
• Air and Water Temperature
• Specific Conductivity
• Turbidity
• Bacteria Concentrations

Water samples are analyzed for:

• General Chemistry
• Major Cations and Anions
• Total Metal Concentrations
• Dissolved Metal Concentrations
• Carbon
• Chlorophyll
• Algal Identification
• Sediment Metals
• Sediment Nutrients
• Sediment Nutrients

Clean Lakes Program - Total Maximum Daily Loads
Results from lake sampling are compiled in a document called Arizona's Integrated CWA 305 (b) Assessment and CWA 303 (d) Listing Report. Lakes placed on the CWA 303 (d) list of impaired waters require the development of a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). TMDLs are intensive studies developed to evaluate the conditions and sources of pollution contributing to lake impairment. The ADEQ Total Maximum Daily Load program activities are described here.

Clean Lakes Program - National Lakes Survey
ADEQ is participating in the National Lakes Survey in 2007. The National Lakes Survey is a nationwide effort to characterize the conditions of lakes in terms of nutrients, biota and lake chemistry (Click here for more information). As part of the National Lake Survey, ADEQ will sample 21 lakes throughout the state including three lakes on the Navajo Nation. ADEQ is working with the Navajo Nation to survey these three waterbodies. At each lake, ADEQ will gather samples for evaluation of ecological integrity indicators, trophic state indicators and recreational value indicators. The data collected from Arizona's lakes will be incorporated into an EPA report on the status of lake quality across the United States.

Clean Lakes Program - Other Lake Related Websites

• Arizona Department of Game and Fish (for information concerning boating, fishing and wildlife viewing)
• Arizona State Parks (for information concerning protected areas and wildlife viewing opportunities)
• EPA's Clean Lakes Program
• National Resources Conservation Service Basin Area Reservoir Summaries
• North American Lake Management Society
• Salt River Project's Water Quality Program

Monitoring Index · Ambient Groundwater Monitoring · Ambient Lake Monitoring · Ambient River and Stream Monitoring